Many people with type 2 diabetes, especially those who are diet-controlled, on metformin or a glitazone do not need to perform home blood glucose monitoring. Self-monitoring (through home fingerprick testing) is most appropriate for: type 2 diabetes patients who use insulin regimes and adjust their dose as a result of blood glucose testing pregnant patients whether they have type 1, type 2 or gestational diabetes. Normal blood glucose ranges for people without diabetes are: 3.5 - 5.5mmol/l before meals and less than 8mmol/l, two hours after meals the closer the blood glucose is to normal, the better. People with diabetes have an increased risk of developing a number of conditions such as heart, kidney and eye diseases, nerve damage, stroke and poor circulation. Checking your blood glucose regularly (using fingerprick testing) shows you how lifestyle changes affect blood glucose levels and helps you maintain control of your diabetes. Other things that canīlood glucose control is very important for people with diabetes. People with diseases affecting hemoglobin, such as anemia, may get misleading results with this test. But experts recommend checking at least two times a year. If your diabetes is under good control, you may be able to wait longer between the blood tests. People with diabetes should have an A1c test every 3 months to make sure their blood sugar is in their target range. A combination of diet, exercise, and medication can bring your levels down. The higher the hemoglobin A1c, the higher your risk of having complications related to diabetes. The target A1c level for people with diabetes is usually less than 7%. Levels of 6.5% or higher mean you have diabetes. Hemoglobin A1c levels between 5.7% and 6.4% mean you have a higher change of getting of diabetes. For people without diabetes, the normal range for the hemoglobin A1c level is between 4% and 5.6%. If your glucose levels have been high over recent weeks, your hemoglobin A1c test will be higher. Red blood cells live for about 3 months, so the test shows the average level of glucose in your blood for the past 3 months. The A1c test measures how much glucose is bound. When glucose builds up in your blood, it binds to the hemoglobin in your red blood cells. The sugar in your blood is called glucose. It gives blood its red color, and it’s job is to carry oxygen throughout your body. Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells. The A1c test is also used to diagnose diabetes. It can tell if you need to adjust your diabetes medicines. People who have diabetes need this test regularly to see if their levels are staying within range. It's also called HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin test, and glycohemoglobin. The hemoglobin A1c test tells you your average level of blood sugar over the past 2 to 3 months.
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